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Category: Health Tech

The New Rules of Healthcare Platforms: APIs Enable the Platforming of Healthcare

BY VINCE KURATIS, BRENDAN KEELER, and JODY RANCK

Recent regulations have mandated the use of HL7 FHIR APIs (application programming interfaces) to share health data. The regs apply to healthcare providers, payers, and technology developers who participate in federal programs. Many incumbent healthcare organizations are viewing these mandates as a compliance burden. That’s short-sighted. We recommend a more opportunistic POV.

APIs facilitate the sharing of health data across different devices and platforms. By adopting APIs, healthcare organizations can transform themselves from traditional service providers into powerful platforms that can connect patients, providers, and other stakeholders in new and innovative ways.

This blog post is the fourth in the series on The New Rules of Healthcare Platforms. In this essay, we explore the many benefits of API adoption for healthcare organizations and the key considerations that must be taken into account when implementing APIs:

  • Healthcare’s Data Inflection Point
  • APIs Enable Platform Business Models
  • Barriers, Challenges, Reality Check

Healthcare’s Data Inflection Point

Compared to other industries, healthcare generates a disproportionately large amount of data. According to RBC Capital Markets, “30% of the world’s data volume is being generated by the healthcare industry. By 2025, the compound annual growth rate of data for healthcare will reach 36%. That’s 6% faster than manufacturing, 10% faster than financial services, and 11% faster than media & entertainment.”

Over the past 15 years, new regulations have driven digitization, data interoperability, and data sharing. The goal of regulations has been to liberate patient data that has previously been unstructured and trapped in patient silos. Venture capitalist Kahini Shah summarized these regulatory efforts in her article entitled Healthcare Data APIs – An Upcoming Multi-Billion Dollar Market?:

Recent regulation is forcing digitization, aggregation and transmission of medical records. Congress passed the HITECH Act in 2009, prompting the adoption of electronic health records. Before that medical records were paper based. Healthcare data is incredibly siloed, every American sees an average of 19 providers in their lifetime. Connecting these disparate electronic systems and having them exchange information is called interoperability. In 2020, the HHS and CMS implemented two rules that mandate patient access to their medical records and interoperability. These transformative rules give patients the right to access their data when they need and make it available via APIs. The interoperability rules state that there is no blocking – EHRs must allow data to be shared easily across different systems owned by different vendors.

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Can AI Part The Red Sea?

BY MIKE MAGEE

A few weeks ago New York Times columnist Tom Friedman wrote, “We Are Opening The Lid On Two Giant Pandoras Boxes.” He was referring to 1) artificial Intelligence (AI) which most agree has the potential to go horribly wrong unless carefully regulated, and 2) global warming leading to water mediated flooding, drought, and vast human and planetary destruction.

Friedman argues that we must accept the risk of pursuing one (rapid fire progress in AI) to potentially uncover a solution to the other. But positioning science as savior quite misses the point that it is human behavior (a combination of greed and willful ignorance), rather than lack of scientific acumen, that has placed our planet and her inhabitants at risk.

The short and long term effects of fossil fuels and carbonization of our environment were well understood before Al Gore took “An Inconvenient Truth” on the road in 2006. So were the confounding factors including population growth, urbanization, and surface water degradation. 

When I first published “Healthy Waters,” the global population was 6.5 billion with 49% urban, mostly situated on coastal plains. It is now 8 billion with 57% urban and slated to reach 8.5 billion by 2030 with 63% urban. 552 cities around the globe now contain populations exceeding 1 million citizens.

Under ideal circumstances, this urban migration could serve our human populations with jobs, clean air and water, transportation, housing and education, health care, safety and security. Without investment however, this could be a death trap. 

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AI is Bright, But Can Also Be Dark

BY KIM BELLARD

If you’ve been following artificial intelligence (AI) lately – and you should be – then you may have started thinking about how it’s going to change the world. In terms of its potential impact on society, it’s been compared to the introduction of the Internet, the invention of the printing press, even the first use of the wheel. Maybe you’ve played with it, maybe you know enough to worry about what it might mean for your job, but one thing you shouldn’t ignore: like any technology, it can be used for both good and bad.  

If you thought cyberattacks/cybercrimes were bad when done by humans or simple bots, just wait to see what AI can do.  And, as Ryan Health wrote in Axios, “AI can also weaponize modern medicine against the same people it sets out to cure.”

We may need DarkBERT, and the Dark Web, to help protect us.

A new study showed how AI can create much more effective, cheaper spear phishing campaigns, and the author notes that the campaigns can also use “convincing voice clones of individuals.”  He notes: “By engaging in natural language dialog with targets, AI agents can lull victims into a false sense of trust and familiarity prior to launching attacks.”  

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Asking Bard And ChatGPT To Find The Best Medical Care, I Got Truth And Truthiness

BY MICHAEL MILLENSON

If you ask ChatGPT how many procedures a certain surgeon does or a specific hospital’s infection rate, the OpenAI and Microsoft chatbot inevitably replies with some version of, “I don’t do that.”

But depending upon how you ask, Google’s Bard provides a very different response, even recommending a “consultation” with particular clinicians.

Bard told me how many knee replacement surgeries were performed by major Chicago hospitals in 2021, their infection rates and the national average. It even told me which Chicago surgeon does the most knee surgeries and his infection rate. When I asked about heart bypass surgery, Bard provided both the mortality rate for some local hospitals and the national average for comparison. While sometimes Bard cited itself as the information source, beginning its response with, “According to my knowledge,” other times it referenced well-known and respected organizations.

There was just one problem. As Google itself warns, “Bard is experimental…so double-check information in Bard’s responses.” When I followed that advice, truth began to blend indistinguishably with “truthiness” – comedian Stephen Colbert’s memorable term to describe information that’s seen as true not because of supporting facts, but because it “feels” true.

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Healthcare Data: The Disruption Opportunity + Why This Time Is Different

By SHUBHRA JAIN & JAY SANTORO

Knowledge is power. If this adage is true, then the currency of power in the modern world is data. If you look at the evolution of the consumer economy over the past 100 years, you will see a story of data infrastructure adoption, data generation, and then subsequent data monetization. This history is well told by Professors Minna Lami and Mika Pantzar in their paper on ‘The Data Economy’: “Current ‘data citizenship’ is a product of the Internet, social media, and digital devices and the data created in the digitalized life of consumers has become the prime source of economic value formation. The database is the factory of the future.” If we look no further than the so-called big tech companies and distill their business models down in a (likely overly) reductionist fashion: Apple and Microsoft provide infrastructure to get you online, and Facebook (Meta) and Google collect your data, while providing a service you like, and use that data to sell you stuff. Likely none of this is surprising to this audience, but what is surprising is that this playbook has taken so long to run its course in one of the world’s largest and most important sectors: healthcare.

Given the potential impact data access and enablement could have on transforming such a large piece of the economy, the magnitude of the opportunity here is — at face value — fascinating. That said, healthcare is a different beast from many other verticals. Serious questions arise as to whether target venture returns can be extracted in this burgeoning market with the scaled incumbents (both within and outside healthcare) circling the perimeter. Additionally, this is a fragmented ecosystem that has existed (in its infancy) for a few years now with well-funded players now solving for different use cases. Thus, another question emerges as to which areas are best suited for upstarts to capitalize. A key theme in our assessment of the space is that regulation is driving the move towards democratized data access in healthcare, but unlike in regulatory shake-ups of the past, this time start-ups will benefit more than scaled incumbents. Furthermore, we have identified some areas within each approach to this new ecosystem that particularly excite us for net new investment. Let’s dive in.

Why This Time is Different: Regulatory + Market Dynamics

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 brought about an explosion of digital healthcare data by expanding adoption of electronic medical records from ~12% to 96%.

Screenshot of Epic EMR (Demo)
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Matthew’s health care tidbits: Health care pricing is cray-zee

Each time I send out the THCB Reader, our newsletter that summarizes the best of THCB (Sign up here!) I include a brief tidbits section. Then I had the brainwave to add them to the blog. They’re short and usually not too sweet! –Matthew Holt

It’s no secret that health care pricing has been out of whack for a very long time. This past week PBMs and pharma manufacturers were in front of congressional committees trying to defend the indefensible–how much drugs cost and why? Hospitals have been required to publish their fictional price lists (their chargemasters) for a few years now and more recently have been instructed to reveal what they actually get from health plans for specific procedures. You would assume that this would move overall pricing pressure down to the “best price” but that effect seems to not be happening. At least not yet. This week also did see the bankruptcy of PE-backed (or should that be PE-toppled) emergency staffing corporation Envision. But that was more because its business model depended on surprise billing and not being in insurer networks.

More typical is the recent dispute in which primary & urgent care chain Carbon Health went public with its fight against Elevance subsidiary Anthem Blue Cross in California. While it was in-network Carbon claims that it received less than Medicare rates from Anthem, while its large delivery system competitors were getting 2-4 times Medicare rates.

This sounds about right to me. Late last year I had two identical telemedicine visits for back pain with specialists. One in a private practice, another with a doctor from UCSF–my local academic medical center. Before you troll me, they were both offered to me last minute, I didn’t know which doctor would be available if I needed a procedure, and it’s always good to get a second opinion. Plus I had blown through my deductible by then so they were free to me!

My insurer paid $795 to UCSF and $219 to the private doctor. So for exactly the same thing one provider got more than 3&½ times what the other did.

There’s still lots of chatter about the growth of value-based care, but even within Medicare Advantage there’s lots of fee-for-service, and it even pops up in places it’s supposed to be dead-–like Geisinger. We are nearly 20 years on from the Bush Administration talking about transparency as the solution to health care costs yet the opacity and confusion around pricing is as bad as it’s ever been. Yes, we know some of the numbers, but the US is a long way from seeing the invisible hand working its magic and making the same thing cost the same amount across health care. The only place where that happens is under the neo-Stalinist central pricing of Medicare. Not that that seems to work well either. 

There’ll be a couple more years while the “new” transparent plays out in the market, but don’t expect too much of a revolution. Then likely we’ll try something else.

THCB Quickbite: Aditya Bansod, Luma Health

Aditya Bansod is the CTO & co-founder of Luma Health. Matthew Holt spoke to him about their new offerings, following up on an interview with CEO Adnan Iqbal about 18 months ago. To their operational workflow tools which help providers route and manage the patient journey (think appointments, communications and much more), they have now added some data intelligence based on collating all the anonymized data they have access to and seeing what works best in actually getting patients to engage with their care.

Today (i.e. since this video was shot) Luma announced a new deal with major EMR player Meditech, which should get their tech into more hospital systems

Would You Picket Over AI?

By KIM BELLARD

I’m paying close attention to strike by the Writers Guild Of America (WGA), which represents “Hollywood” writers.  Oh, sure, I’m worried about the impact on my viewing habits, and I know the strike is really, as usual, about money, but what got my attention is that it’s the first strike I’m aware of where impact of AI on their jobs is one of the key issues.

It may or may not be the first time, but it’s certainly not going to be the last.

The WGA included this in their demands: “Regulate use of artificial intelligence on MBA-covered projects: AI can’t write or rewrite literary material; can’t be used as source material; and MBA-covered material can’t be used to train AI.” I.e., if something – a script, treatment, outline, or even story idea – warrants a writing credit, it must come from a writer.  A human writer, that is.

John August, a screenwriter who is on the WGA negotiating committee, explained to The New York Times: “A terrible case of like, ‘Oh, I read through your scripts, I didn’t like the scene, so I had ChatGPT rewrite the scene’ — that’s the nightmare scenario,”

The studios, as represented by the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP), agree there is an issue: “AI raises hard, important creative and legal questions for everyone.” It wants both sides to continue to study the issue, but noted that under current agreement only a human could be considered a writer. 

Still, though, we’ve all seen examples of AI generating remarkably plausible content.  “If you have a connection to the internet, you have consumed AI-generated content,” Jonathan Greenglass, a tech investor, told The Washington Post. “It’s already here.”  It’s easy to imagine some producer feeding an AI a bunch of scripts from prior instalments to come up with the next Star Wars, Marvel universe, or Fast and Furious release.  Would you really know the difference? 

Sure, maybe AI won’t produce a Citizen Kane or The Godfather, but, as Alissa Wilkinson wrote in Vox: “But here is the thing: Cheap imitations of good things are what power the entertainment industry. Audiences have shown themselves more than happy to gobble up the same dreck over and over.” 

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THCB Quickbite: Michael Gould, ZeOmega

Michael Gould is AVP of Interoperability Strategy at ZeOmega, a utilization/care management company that predominantly helps payers manage population health for about 50m covered lives including AmeriHealth Caritas, home care company HealPros and more. Since 2016 they have also been in the interoperability game since they bought Health Unity. Since Michael came over to ZeOmega from Independence Blue Cross a few years back he’s been helping the data/API integration that replaces a lot of the fax and phone-based prior-auth. He told me about the cross-sell between the two sides of the company, in part driven by the new CMS regulations about prior auth–Matthew Holt

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