by MIKE MAGEE

THCB is back from its end of year break, but we are starting with a little catchup from December from Mike Magee.

As my wife often reminds me, “Comparisons are toxic.” And, in general, I agree and try to respect this cardinal rule. But these are extraordinary times. So grant me this exception.

On December 9, 2024, in my early morning survey of the news, two articles demanded my attention. The first was an editorial in the New York Times with the self-explanatory title, “My Last Column: Finding Hope in an Age of Resentment” by Paul Krugman. The second was an article published that morning in Nature titled “Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold” authored by “Google Quantum AI and Collaborators,” a blanket label for a team of 300+ engineers led by Founder and Leader, Hartmut Neven. More on him in a moment.

As a loyal reader of Krugman, I read his “last column” carefully – twice. Over 25 years I’ve admired this specialist’s (global economics) willingness and interest to wander often into generalist, cross-sector, liberal arts territory. No match for his Nobel winning intellect or pure-bred education at MIT, Yale and Princeton, I do share a history of common geography (upstate New York in our early years, and the New York metropolitan area later on); an upbringing in religious households (Jewish and Catholic); and more than two uninterrupted decades of weekly published columns.

Though I have not always agreed with his take on every issue, I count myself as an admirer. The issues that have interested him, both pro and con, over the years, are more often than not the same issues that have troubled or encouraged me. So I was not surprised that he chose, in his “last column,” to reflect on the recent election, and the current levels of anger, violence and resentment in our society. And while I agree with the findings in his examination of the body politic, we arrived at a different diagnosis.

Krugman writes, “What strikes me, looking back, is how optimistic many people, both here and in much of the Western world, were back then (25 years ago) and the extent to which that optimism has been replaced by anger and resentment. . . some of the angriest, most resentful people in America right now . . . are billionaires who don’t feel sufficiently admired.”

As for the diagnosis, in response to the question he himself raises (“Why did this optimism curdle?”), he answers, “As I see it, we’ve had a collapse of trust in elites.” And the treatment for this disease? “if we stand up to the kakistocracy — rule by the worst — that’s emerging as we speak, we may eventually find our way back to a better world.”

Now that sent me back to Hartmut and the Nature article for a reality check.  Were American oligarchs and technocrats, with wild wealth and even wilder ideas, the cause of every day people jumping aboard the Trump cult train?

Nevin is 9 years younger than Krugman. He is a German-trained PhD physicist who came to the University of Southern California as an entrepreneurial research professor in computer science in 1998. His several start-ups which were focused on “face recognition technology and real-time facial feature analysis for avatar animation” helped make him famous and rich when they were purchased by Google in 2006. But his fantastical dream was to create a “quantum chip” that would outperform anything that currently existed.

Six years later, he launched the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and by 2016, he had come up with an experiment (still ongoing) to prove “quantum supremacy.” Starting his own chip fabrication factory in Santa Barbara, his dream became concrete. He took a world view in 2020, stating:  “It’s not one company versus another, but rather, humankind versus nature — or humankind with nature.”

Nevin believes he is in the right place at the right time. The AI Arms Race is full on and relies on ever increasing data consumption to support generative self-learning. That demands enormous consuming power. In his words, “Both (quantum computing and AI) will prove to be the most transformational technologies of our time, but advanced AI will significantly benefit from access to quantum computing. This is why I named our lab Quantum AI.”

Quantum computing is measured in “qubits” (which are the size of a single atom) versus the binary digit measure of standard computers, called the “bit.” As the New York Times explained, “Quantum bits, or ‘qubits,’ behave very differently from normal bits. A single object can behave like two separate objects at the same time when it is either extremely small or extremely cold.” The test using exotic metals cooled to 460 degrees below zero, reported out on October 9th that Hartmut’s quantum chip “performed a computation in under 5 minutes that would take one of today’s fastest supercomputers 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10 septillion) years to compute.”

But that’s not the amazing part. In past experiments, the device was error prone, and the more qubits, the less reliable the computations. But now, for the first time, this group was able to demonstrate the more qubits in play, the more accurate the outcome. As Nevin explained, “This historic accomplishment is known in the field as ‘below threshold’ — being able to drive errors down while scaling up the number of qubits.” How big was that? According to Javad Shaman, director of the Center for Quantum Information Physics at NYU, “one of the highlights of the recent decade.”

Nevin doesn’t seem to “worry about being admired.” In his blog this week he tied his qubit “below threshold” accomplishment to “helping us discover new medicines, designing more efficient batteries for electric cars, and accelerating progress in fusion and new energy alternatives.” That seems a far cry from Paul Krugman’s highlighting of “the pettiness of plutocrats who used to bask in public approval and are now discovering that all the money in the world can’t buy you love.”

Gallup has been conducting an annual survey of “Americans Satisfaction With The Way Things Are Going In The U.S.” for roughly a half century. Currently only 22% say they are satisfied. Back in 1986, that number peaked at 70%. That was the year that Robert Fulcrum wrote a little book that remained on the New York Times Best Seller list for nearly two years. Some criticized the book as “trite and saccharine,” but 17 million copies of his books remain in circulation.

The 1986 book was titled, “All I Really Need To Know I Learned in Kindergarten.”  Here are his top ten learnings:

1. Share everything.
2. Play fair.
3. Don’t hit people.
4. Put things back where you found them.
5. Clean up your own mess.
6. Don’t take things that aren’t yours.
7. Say you’re sorry when you hurt somebody.
8. Wash your hands before you eat.
9. Flush.
10. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you.

I was trying to figure how members of my own family could vote for a man to lead our nation who routinely and deliberately breaks most of these rules. I’ve come up with two reasons:

1. Greed. They simply don’t want to share any of their wealth or good fortune with others.
2. Religious certainty. They do not believe in separation of Church and State, and do not respect individual self-determination and free will. And yet values can not be enforced on human beings. They must be freely embraced to become permanently embedded.

Comparisons may be toxic, but Hartmut and Paul point us toward the truth. We (not our leaders regardless of their human deficits) are responsible. And we as citizens of America need to get our act together. As Nevin the information scientist teaches, optimism flows from purpose and the promise of service. And Krugman, the Nobel economist, teaches that money alone can not buy you love – or peace, or lasting joy, or contentment.

Mike Magee MD is a Medical Historian and regular contributor to THCB. He is the author of CODE BLUE: Inside America’s Health Industrial Complex. (Grove/2020)