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Beyond Stigma: Why Addressing Maternal Mental Health Means Confronting Systemic Failures

By EMILY JOHNSON

Imagine you’re an executive at a large health system in a major metropolitan area. One morning, you wake up to a missed call and a voicemail from your PR leader. It’s urgent: one of your employees–who was also a patient and a member of the organization–has unexpectedly died by suicide.  Their family is furious.

You follow up and learn that this wasn’t just any employee. It was a young leader you had worked with only a few months ago. You had regular meetings with them and had been serving as a mentor. You had been impressed by this young person’s drive, enthusiasm, analytical skills, and ability to build relationships. You believed they were on the path to being a strong leader in health care. But not anymore. Now, seemingly out of nowhere, they are gone.

You’re shocked. You’re devastated. You’re confused. You demand an immediate safety review to understand what happened and why.

The patient safety team moves quickly to investigate, and they discover that the patient was a young woman who had given birth to her first child just two weeks ago at one of your hospitals.

During her pregnancy she had disclosed to her primary OB that she was beginning to have panic attacks. The OB offered to start her on an antidepressant, but the patient declined. No referrals were placed. Red flag.

She delivered her baby after a 30+ hour labor culminating in postpartum hemorrhage. Anxiety was noted several times throughout her hospital stay. Her notes from labor say “patient acutely anxious and requesting “to be done.” Her discharge notes state “Difficulty coping with anxiety for past 1-2 weeks. Has been affecting her ability to bond with baby.” Red flag.

She was seen by a social worker, who shared with her a packet of information about postpartum depression. This person recalls the patient asking her “which of the numbers should I call if I need help immediately?” Red flag.

She presented back at the ED the day after her initial discharge with additional hemorrhage concerns. Her notes say “Patient is anxious, tearful, arriving in the ED hypertensive at 140/90, tachycardic in the 120s.” She was discharged with blood pressure medication. Red flag.

You learn that her husband tried calling the behavioral health department to make his wife an appointment, only to be told that the soonest they could get her in would be 6 weeks. He pressed and asked if there were exceptions for urgent OB patients and was told no. Red flag.

In the week leading up to her death this patient had been in contact with 3 OBs, a pediatrician, and a lactation consultant, saying things like “I am afraid of everything” and “I can’t eat or drink.” She had a positive EPDS flagging thoughts of self-harm. Big, bright, unmistakable red flag.

Phone records show that one night she tried calling the behavioral health appointment scheduling line, which was given to her by multiple providers as a 24/7 crisis line, at 2am. Red flag.

Her notes from the last time she was seen in the clinic state “she is not eating, vomits any food she eats and has diarrhea. She reports sleeping at most 4 hours a day.” She walked out of that appointment with only a prescription for hydroxyzine, which is similar to Benadryl. Red flag.

At 5:30am the next morning, her husband woke up and found that she was not in the bed. He looked over and saw that the baby was still sleeping peacefully in the bassinet. He panicked. He knew in his gut that something was wrong.

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Peter Yellowlees, AsyncHealth

Peter Yellowlees MD is CEO at AsyncHealth–this is a new company that is doing the intake interview for a psychiatrist or psychologist session. Peter demos how the AI agent asks questions, how a patient answers in real time. Then after submitting the answers, the AI creates both a full transcript in the back end, and then a summary which the clinician can use in advance of seeing the patient. You’ll see the real time transcript and patient summary. Very accurate and impressive. That saves a significant amount of time in the intake process and helps the patent get to the right type of treatment. It’s early days for Asynch Health, but you’ll quickly get the idea about how this use of AI might change one part of care–Matthew Holt

All The Way With LBJ – A Half Century After His Passing

By MIKE MAGEE

This is the 52nd anniversary of the death of Lyndon Baines Johnson from his 5th Heart Attack. And two days ago was the 39th anniversary of the first celebration of a new federal holiday, Martin Luther King Jr. Day. In signing that original proclamation in 1983, President Ronald Reagan said, “The majesty of his message, the dignity of his bearing, and the righteousness of his cause are a lasting legacy. In a few short years he changed America for all time.”

The MLK federal holiday was not so “Kum ba yah” (“Come by here”) this year. President Trump was in no mood to be tutored on this 60’s phrase derived from an African American spiritual made famous by Pete Seeger. Rather, he took advantage of the convergence of MLK’s day and his own coronation to trash all things DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion).

Of those supporting the 2nd term President, from here and beyond, few could have had a broader smile on his face than dearly departed (July 4, 2008) former North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms. Helm led the opposition to the MLK bill, submitting a 300-page report that labelled King an “action-oriented Marxist” and a communist. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (NY) was so enraged at the time that he declared the report a “packet of filth”, threw it on the Senate floor, and then unceremoniously repeatedly stomped on it.

So, as a nation, we have been down this road before.

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Aniq Rahman, Fabric Health

Aniq Rahman is the CEO of Fabric Health. In basically two years Fabric has changed its name (nee Florence) bought some health tech standouts in the fields of symptom checking and asynchronous care (Gyant, Zipnosis), a medical group (Team Health’s virtual care) and the telehealth part of Walmart (MeMD). In the 2010’s Aniq built an analytics company acquired by Oracle & turned to health care after seeing his father go through the system. What he is trying to build is a company that can help providers (and now others) go from soup to nuts in helping a consumer online. He explained how those pieces fit together to match the look and feel of the customers to support their staff but also to augment them with Fabric’s people where needed. Now, with the Walmart/MeMD acquisition they are adding employers (and payers and even life science companies). There’s a lot to be done here, and we had a great chat about where consumers are going to get their care, what else Fabric needs to do (Aniq is thinking provider directories next!), and what the secrets are about General Catalyst’s work at Summa Health (sadly not much inside info!!)–Matthew Holt

Maybe AI Doesn’t Read Blueprints

By KIM BELLARD

Gosh, who knew that Jan 13 would be an AI day, with at least three major announcements about “blueprints” for its development going forward? Of course, these days every day is an AI day; trying to take in all AI-related news can be overwhelming. But before some other AI news drowns them out, I wanted to at least outline today’s announcements.

The three I’m referring to are the Biden Administration’s Interim Final Rule on Artificial Intelligence Diffusion, OpenAI’s Economic Blueprint, and the UK’s AI-driven Plan for Change.  

The Biden Administration’s rules aim to preserve America’s lead in AI, stating: “it is essential that we do not offshore this critical technology and that the world’s AI runs on American rails.” It establishes who advanced chips can be sold to and how they can be used in other countries, with no restrictions on 18 key allies and partners.

It also sets limits on model weights for AI models, seeking to constrain non-preferred entities’ ability to train advanced AI models.

“The U.S. leads the world in AI now, both AI development and AI chip design, and it’s critical that we keep it that way,” Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said in a briefing with reporters ahead of Monday’s announcement

Not everyone is happy.

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Aneesh Chopra talks Cancer Navigation Challenge & more

Aneesh Chopra is the former CTO of the US under Obama. He’s now head of strategy at Arcadia, but this week is one of the driving forces behind the new challenge called “Transforming Cancer Navigation with Open Data & APIs” . I caught up with Aneesh about why the need for this type of data exchange and why caner, and also more generally about interoperability, data analysis (his day job) and the impact of AI. Aneesh is an optimist but also about the most articulate person in health care explaining what is going on the ground and in policy with the regulations and actions of data exchange, and its uses. Pay attention–Matthew Holt

Sleep: Watch This Space

By MIKE MAGEE

In case you’ve missed it, sleep is all the rage in neurosciences these days. They are fast at work rebranding it “the brain’s rinse cycle.”  The brain, protectively encased in an unyielding bony casing, lacks the delicate lymphatic system that transports used body metabolites to breakdown and extraction sites in all other parts of the body.

But in 2012, neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard, identified a unique network of delicate channels (“tiny passages alongside blood vessels”) inside the brain that collect and discharge brain metabolites and waste materials including amyloid. This system, or “ultimate brainwasher” as some labeled it, was formally titled the glymphatic system.

That same study also suggested that flow through the glymphatic system is enhanced during portions of the sleep cycle. Now 12 years after the original research, the same team, in a study in mice published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA journal, found that regular contractions or oscillations of tiny blood vessels in the brain, stimulated by adrenaline cousin, norepinephrine, generated the brain scrubbing liquid flow through the channel system. The focal contractions, normally occurring ever 50 seconds, speed up the pump to every 10 seconds, in sync with peaks of norepinephrine release during sleep.

Sleep deprivation appears to not only interrupt this cycle, and allow harmful wastes to accumulate, but also disrupts other mental health functions that scientists are just beginning to understand. For example, researchers in 2021 established that “sleep deprivation impairs people’s ability to suppress unwanted thoughts.” They were able to identify a special location on the brain cortex responsible for storing away memories, and  suppressing and delaying their future retrieval. They further demonstrated enhanced activity at the site during REM sleep. As the lead investigator noted, “That’s interesting because many disorders associated with debilitating intrusive thoughts, such as depression and PTSD, are also associated with disturbances in REM.”

The new work may help explain destructive recycling of historic conflicts among and between Silicon Valley AI uber-competitors. They may not be getting enough sleep, recycling historic grudges and grievances.

As the sleep scientists reported in the December, 2024 publication, “The functional impairments arising from sleep deprivation are linked to a behavioral deficit in the ability to downregulate unwanted memories, and coincide with a deterioration of deliberate patterns of self-generated thought. We conclude that sleep deprivation gives rise to intrusive memories via the disruption of neural circuits governing mnemonic inhibitory control, which may rely on REM sleep.”

Mike Magee MD is a Medical Historian and regular contributor to THCB. He is the author of CODE BLUE: Inside America’s Medical Industrial Complex. (Grove/2020)

Why Financial Incentives Oppose Quality Improvement Projects in Healthcare

By TAYLOR J. CHRISTENSEN

When I attended the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s 2024 annual forum in Orlando, Florida, one of the best parts of the conference, as always, was talking to the other attendees. Every time I would sit down to eat a meal or sit down in a session, I would talk to the people around me. And I heard about so many different quality improvement (QI) projects!

After several conversations, I started to notice a pattern: Many of the projects were fighting an uphill battle because they were going against financial incentives. Or, at a minimum, they were not supported by financial incentives. All of this got me thinking about a new exhaustive, mutually exclusive categorization . . .

All QI projects can be divided into three categories:

Category 1: Supported by financial incentives

Category 2: Neutral to financial incentives

Category 3: Opposed by financial incentives

Determining which category a potential project will fall into is important for predicting how much support from hospital leadership a QI project will have.

So how do you determine which category a potential project is in?

Remember that seeking profit (or “surplus” if you’re a non-profit organization) is what drives most behavior in all organizations, even in healthcare. And whatever is profitable is what organizations have a financial incentive to do. Here’s a simple formula for profit:

Profit = Revenues – Costs

In most industries, providing a higher-value product or service (Value = Quality / Price) compared to competitors will earn that organization greater market power, which they can use to extract greater profits either by keeping prices the same and winning more market share or increasing prices while maintaining the same market share. Either way, that greater market power turns into greater profit.

In healthcare, however, higher value does not lead to greater market power. The reasons for this have been explained elsewhere, but it really comes down to patients not making value-sensitive decisions when they are choosing where they will receive care.

Thus, quality improvement efforts that result in a healthcare provider delivering higher-value care are not automatically financially incentivized. Instead, the only factor that matters from a financial incentives standpoint is whether the QI project increases revenue or decreases costs.

So, if a project will increase revenue and/or decrease costs, it’s in Category 1; if it will not have any net impact on profit because either it doesn’t change revenues or costs or it increases or decreases both of them equally, then it’s in Category 2; and if it increases costs or decreases revenues, it’s in Category 3.

This all probably seems heartless–we’re talking about quality improvements that can save lives and quality of life here, and all I’m focusing on is money?

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Ain’t no shame in the heart of the VC

By MATTHEW HOLT

It’s JPM week. That means a ton of startup bros wandering around San Francisco wondering who all the biotech guys and investment banker greyhairs are and why they’re still wearing suits.

Unlikely to be wearing suits are the digital health kids and the VCs they are trying to hunt down. The glory days are long gone. Athenahealth and Venrock are no longer having competing parties (or parties at all) and most of the starving startup kids looking for free booze and food are trying to scrounge invites to law firms who are still charging $1500 an hour for associate time before their clients notice that ChatGPT will do the same for $20 a month.

But venture in digital health continues on, even if much of it is subtexting cramdown M&A, such as last week’s General Catalyst deal funding Transcarent’s takeover of Accolade. But I’m not really here to talk about the digital health VC market per se. 

What I do want to talk about is who is getting VC. This was prompted (to my slow Small Language Model) by a female friend who has been a CEO and was once a star at a fast growing digital health company. She told me that being female was now an active hindrance to raising money. Every time some tech bro on LinkedIn says how they raised $XXm in 12 minutes with no pitch deck, you’ll see lots of female CEOs explode in anger.

You don’t need me to repeat the numbers. Women & minorities find it hard to raise money. First time founders get a massive run around. Even when things were crazy in 2020-2022 the survey of startups I ran showed that it was very hard for early stage companies to raise money. Now it’s the apocalypse.

That’s not to say some female CEOs aren’t raising. Just last week Nema Health run by former Health 2.0 star intern (and now practicing Psychiatrist–which may be more relevant!) Sofia Noori raised $14m Series A to expand its amazing PTSD cure program. Maven’s Kate Ryder raised another $125m late last year to keep expanding their women’s health program, and must be viewing that elusive IPO sooner or later. And at a JPM party I ran into some of Joanna Strober’s team, reminding me that I thought Midi Health had perhaps raised too much money when it pulled down another $60m last year–but apparently it is going gangbusters. There’s also Equip for eating disorders with Kristina Saffran & Erin Parks at the helm (over $95m in so far) and doubtless a few more I’m forgetting. But in general they are the exceptions.

What’s not the exception is the tech bros raising for AI. Obviously the big players here are OpenAI, Anthropic et al pulling down billions to build their AI infrastructure. Anyone with a 401K is probably hoping that all works out given how much of the value of Nvidia, Tesla, Google, Meta, Microsoft & Apple seems to be based on a perhaps mythical AI abundant future. But there’s plenty in health care. Just this week Innovaccer ($275m), Qventus ($105m) & Truveta ($320m) all backed up the truck, all to combine data, AI and hope it will solve some of health care’s troubles.Those CEOs are men. But that’s not what I am complaining about.

You can also be a man and get away with a lot more. Hippocratic AI’s CEO Manjul Shah ran his last company HealthIQ into the ground. He screwed over suppliers, employees and customers to at least the tune of $17m in unpaid bills according to Katie Jennings at Forbes, then took another $170k personally out of the bankrupt company after he’d left. Was he a pariah to the investors who’s lost over $200m? Not in the least. The same investors A16Z and General Catalyst gave him another $50m right away to build an AI nurse chatbot company, and apparently health systems are lining up to buy it according to a podcast he was on with Julie Yoo of A16Z last week. This week Kleiner Perkins (and more) kicked in another $141m.

You might also have noticed that Ali Parsa who went through over $1 billion and crucified all his public market investors too when Babylon Health cratered is also back. His new company – an AI assistant launched with some famous doctors including Shafi Ahmed – is called Quadrivia AI. Funding isn’t clear but Sifted found some filings that indicate a Swedish VC is behind it.There’s also more than a little controversy about whether Babylon’s demise was just a series of bad business decisions or Parsa was lying about the tech. (I had Parsa on a couple of panels and always found him deferential and charming, but you can google Sergei Polevikov’s opinion!)

Look, unlike Lisa Bari at The Health Tech Talk Show, I love the idea of getting AI to answer patients’ questions, call them with information and generally use bots to add “abundance” to the health care workforce. I mean it’s just an extension of what Alex Drane and Eliza (and Silverlink & others) were doing 15 years ago. And there is huge possibility in using AI to actually diagnose and treat. I’m sure Parsa’s new AI bot also has the potential to improve physician care. 

But should it be that easy for guys like Shah and Parsa to immediately get back in the game given the chaos they left in their wake? Shouldn’t VCs have some qualms about anointing as saviours the very people who just screwed over their previous customers, partners, employees and investors?

But I guess we have our answer already. Adrian Aoun took a big swing with Forward and closed it after losing $650m and leaving patients in the lurch with no notice and 200 people unemployed. He was back on a podcast days later saying his investors wanted to give him more to start again. And the biggest loser, chaos agent and conman of recent years, Adam Nuemann of WeWork infamy, was back very soon after with another $350m for yet another real estate startup.

Neumann’s benefactor in the latest round was A16Z’s Mark Andreesen. Andreesen also famously helped fund Trump’s election in 2024. That’s the biggest comeback of someone with no morals, ethics or competence ever.

So I guess at least some VCs have decided, there’s no shame. 

(If you’re wondering about this piece’s title, I am riffing off this blues classic)

Some real medical innovation!

This may be the best comeback performance of all time. Not only did Lindsey Vonn come out of retirement to race a World Cup downhill at age 40 but she placed 6th and did it on an artificial knee! Here’s the details on the surgery but first watch her performance and just look how happy she is at the end!